Dog categories in France
The law of January 6, 1999 classifies certain dogs into two categories. This classification has direct consequences on your ability to travel. Knowing your legal obligations is essential to avoid fines and problems.
| Criterion | Category 1 (attack) | Category 2 (guard/defense) |
|---|---|---|
| Breeds | Pitbull, Boerbull (non-LOF) | Am. Staff (LOF), Rottweiler (LOF), Tosa (LOF) |
| Muzzle | Mandatory in all public places | Mandatory in all public places |
| Leash | Mandatory, held by adult | Mandatory, held by adult |
| Ownership permit | Mandatory | Mandatory |
| Public transport | Forbidden | Allowed (muzzled + leashed) |
| Public places | Some forbidden | Allowed (muzzled + leashed) |
| Sterilization | Mandatory | Not mandatory |
| Liability insurance | Mandatory | Mandatory |
Without an ownership permit, you are in violation. The permit requires: 7-hour training (approved by the prefecture), behavioral assessment of the dog by a veterinarian, up-to-date rabies vaccination, identification (microchip), liability insurance certificate. Fine: up to 750 € without permit, and possible confiscation of the dog.
Mandatory documents for travel
Transportation: what's possible
Accommodations: anticipating refusals
Let's be honest: many accommodations refuse category dogs, even legally owned ones. Here's how to maximize your chances:
A phone call allows you to reassure the owner. Explain that your dog is registered, insured, assessed, and that you have the permit.
Permit, insurance, behavioral assessment: send everything by email before booking. Transparency reassures.
Rural cottages, Airbnb, campgrounds: individual owners are more flexible than hotel chains that apply uniform rules.
Consult the complete regulations for dogs in public places. Protect yourself with good insurance (mandatory for categories). For trips, our car guide is your reference. And if you're traveling abroad, be careful: some countries prohibit these breeds.
Frequently asked questions
Can I travel abroad with a category dog?
Very limited. The United Kingdom, Denmark, Germany, Australia, and other countries simply prohibit certain breeds. Check the destination country's legislation BEFORE booking. In Europe, the European passport is not enough — dangerous breed regulations are national.
Is the ownership permit valid everywhere in France?
Yes, the permit is issued by your home town hall but is valid throughout the national territory. However, some municipalities have more restrictive local orders (prohibition in certain parks, schedules). Check locally.
What's the risk if checked without a muzzle?
Fine of 150 € (2nd class) for missing muzzle. In case of repeat offense or if the dog causes an incident, consequences can go up to confiscation and euthanasia. Never take this risk.
My Am Staff is the sweetest dog in the world, but the law is the law. With the permit, insurance, and muzzle, we travel peacefully. You just have to be irreproachable.
— American Staffordshire owner, Marseille
